diff --git a/artifacts/tx-os/src/pages/notes.tsx b/artifacts/tx-os/src/pages/notes.tsx
index c7657c43..37a38899 100644
--- a/artifacts/tx-os/src/pages/notes.tsx
+++ b/artifacts/tx-os/src/pages/notes.tsx
@@ -674,7 +674,9 @@ function NoteCard({
             update.mutate({ id: note.id, isPinned: !note.isPinned });
           }}
           className={`shrink-0 p-1 rounded-md hover:bg-black/5 ${
-            note.isPinned ? "text-amber-600" : "text-muted-foreground opacity-0 group-hover:opacity-100"
+            note.isPinned
+              ? "text-amber-600"
+              : "text-muted-foreground opacity-0 group-hover:opacity-100 [@media(hover:none)]:opacity-100"
           }`}
           aria-label={t("notes.pin", "Pin")}
         >
@@ -693,7 +695,11 @@ function NoteCard({
       )}
 
       <div
-        className="flex items-center gap-1 mt-2 opacity-0 group-hover:opacity-100 transition"
+        // On touch devices (no hover capability) keep the action row
+        // always visible so users can tap Send / archive / delete
+        // without a hover gesture they don't have. Mouse-driven
+        // desktops keep the existing hover-reveal behaviour.
+        className="flex items-center gap-1 mt-2 opacity-0 group-hover:opacity-100 [@media(hover:none)]:opacity-100 transition"
         onClick={(e) => e.stopPropagation()}
       >
         <ColorPicker
diff --git a/artifacts/tx-os/tests/notes-card-touch-actions.spec.mjs b/artifacts/tx-os/tests/notes-card-touch-actions.spec.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2ca19ae1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/artifacts/tx-os/tests/notes-card-touch-actions.spec.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+// Regression for the per-card action row visibility on touch devices.
+// On phones / iPad there is no hover, so the row that holds Send /
+// archive / delete must be visible without any gesture. This test runs
+// in a touch-emulating context, creates a note, and asserts the Send
+// button is visible immediately — no hover required.
+import { test, expect } from "@playwright/test";
+import pg from "pg";
+
+const DATABASE_URL = process.env.DATABASE_URL;
+if (!DATABASE_URL) {
+  throw new Error("DATABASE_URL must be set to run this UI test");
+}
+
+const TEST_PASSWORD = "TestPass123!";
+const TEST_PASSWORD_HASH =
+  "$2b$10$Bs636ukPMyz01nKrsi.5m.JlDXSN22AVCvn8cgPWWDbo5yJRQX2vu";
+
+const pool = new pg.Pool({ connectionString: DATABASE_URL });
+const createdUserIds = [];
+
+function uniq() {
+  return `${Date.now().toString(36)}_${Math.random().toString(36).slice(2, 8)}`;
+}
+
+async function createUser(prefix, displayEn) {
+  const username = `${prefix}_${uniq()}`;
+  const { rows } = await pool.query(
+    `INSERT INTO users (username, email, password_hash, display_name_en, preferred_language, is_active)
+     VALUES ($1, $2, $3, $4, 'en', true) RETURNING id`,
+    [username, `${username}@example.com`, TEST_PASSWORD_HASH, displayEn],
+  );
+  const id = rows[0].id;
+  createdUserIds.push(id);
+  await pool.query(
+    `INSERT INTO user_roles (user_id, role_id)
+       SELECT $1, id FROM roles WHERE name = 'user'`,
+    [id],
+  );
+  return { id, username };
+}
+
+test.afterAll(async () => {
+  if (createdUserIds.length > 0) {
+    await pool.query(`DELETE FROM notes WHERE user_id = ANY($1::int[])`, [
+      createdUserIds,
+    ]);
+    await pool.query(`DELETE FROM user_roles WHERE user_id = ANY($1::int[])`, [
+      createdUserIds,
+    ]);
+    await pool.query(`DELETE FROM users WHERE id = ANY($1::int[])`, [
+      createdUserIds,
+    ]);
+  }
+  await pool.end();
+});
+
+async function loginViaUi(page, username) {
+  await page.goto("/login");
+  await page.locator("#username").fill(username);
+  await page.locator("#password").fill(TEST_PASSWORD);
+  await Promise.all([
+    page.waitForURL((url) => !url.pathname.endsWith("/login"), {
+      timeout: 15_000,
+    }),
+    page.locator('form button[type="submit"]').click(),
+  ]);
+}
+
+// Emulate a touch device on the default (chromium) browser. We avoid
+// devices["iPad …"] because that pins the browser to webkit, which
+// isn't installed in this environment. Chromium honours hasTouch +
+// no mouse so `(hover: none)` matches.
+test.use({
+  hasTouch: true,
+  isMobile: true,
+  viewport: { width: 820, height: 1180 },
+});
+
+test.describe("note card actions on touch devices", () => {
+  test("Send button is visible without hovering on touch devices", async ({
+    page,
+  }) => {
+    const user = await createUser("notes_touch_actions", "Touch Tester");
+    await loginViaUi(page, user.username);
+
+    await page.goto("/notes");
+    await expect(page.getByTestId("notes-page")).toBeVisible();
+
+    // Sanity: the touch CSS variant is what we depend on. If the test
+    // browser doesn't actually report `(hover: none)`, the assertion
+    // below would still hold for the wrong reason (no hover applied),
+    // so guard it.
+    const noHover = await page.evaluate(
+      () => window.matchMedia("(hover: none)").matches,
+    );
+    expect(noHover).toBe(true);
+
+    const title = `touch-test ${uniq()}`;
+    await page.getByTestId("notes-composer").click();
+    await page.getByTestId("notes-composer-title").fill(title);
+    const savePromise = page.waitForResponse(
+      (r) =>
+        new URL(r.url()).pathname === "/api/notes" &&
+        r.request().method() === "POST" &&
+        r.status() >= 200 &&
+        r.status() < 300,
+    );
+    // Tap outside the composer to trigger auto-save.
+    await page.touchscreen.tap(10, 10);
+    const note = await (await savePromise).json();
+
+    const card = page.getByTestId(`note-card-${note.id}`);
+    await expect(card).toBeVisible();
+
+    // The Send button must be visible without any hover gesture.
+    const sendBtn = page.getByTestId(`note-card-send-${note.id}`);
+    await expect(sendBtn).toBeVisible();
+
+    // And it must actually be clickable (not occluded / opacity-0).
+    const opacity = await sendBtn.evaluate(
+      (el) => getComputedStyle(el.parentElement).opacity,
+    );
+    expect(Number(opacity)).toBe(1);
+  });
+});