diff --git a/artifacts/tx-os/src/components/editable-cell.tsx b/artifacts/tx-os/src/components/editable-cell.tsx
index 5a40098f..4b4e9023 100644
--- a/artifacts/tx-os/src/components/editable-cell.tsx
+++ b/artifacts/tx-os/src/components/editable-cell.tsx
@@ -598,10 +598,35 @@ function FormattingToolbar({
       const vvTop = vv.offsetTop;
       const vvBottom =
         vv.offsetTop + (vv.height ?? window.innerHeight);
-      let top = rect.bottom + 4;
-      if (top + tbHeight > vvBottom - 4) {
-        const above = rect.top - tbHeight - 4;
-        top = Math.max(vvTop + 4, above);
+      // iPad / iOS adds a QuickType prediction strip ABOVE the keyboard
+      // (suggested words). `visualViewport.height` doesn't subtract it,
+      // so without padding the toolbar lands hidden under that strip.
+      // 48px covers both the prediction strip and the Arabic-keyboard
+      // shortcut row that some users have enabled.
+      const KEYBOARD_PREDICTION_INSET = vv.keyboardInset > 0 ? 48 : 4;
+      let top: number;
+      if (vv.keyboardInset > 0) {
+        // Keyboard is up — pin the toolbar to the BOTTOM of the visible
+        // viewport (right above the prediction strip), iMessage/Notes
+        // style. This keeps the color swatches + B/I/U + Save/Cancel
+        // reachable no matter where the active cell sits, and matches
+        // the user's mental model that "formatting follows the keyboard".
+        top = vvBottom - tbHeight - KEYBOARD_PREDICTION_INSET;
+        // Don't visually cover the cell being edited — if the keyboard-
+        // pinned slot would overlap the anchor, fall back to above the
+        // cell.
+        if (top < rect.bottom + 4 && rect.top - tbHeight - 4 >= vvTop + 4) {
+          top = rect.top - tbHeight - 4;
+        }
+        top = Math.max(vvTop + 4, top);
+      } else {
+        // No keyboard — prefer BELOW the cell (matches the schedule
+        // spec). Flip above only if below would clip the viewport.
+        top = rect.bottom + 4;
+        if (top + tbHeight > vvBottom - 4) {
+          const above = rect.top - tbHeight - 4;
+          top = Math.max(vvTop + 4, above);
+        }
       }
       // Clamp horizontally to the table's scroll container if we can
       // find one; fall back to the viewport otherwise. This keeps the